REPORTED SPEECH
(Direct
and indirect speech)
v
Reported speech adalah kalimat tidak
langsung yang digunakan untuk melaporkan kembali ucapan-ucapan yang disampaikan pembicara
dalam waktu yang berbeda.
v
Reported speech juga disebut dengan indirect
speech kebalikannya direct speech yaitu kalimat yang langsung diucapkan oleh
pembicara
Contoh:
D : He said to her,” I will visit you
tomorrow.”
I : He said to her (that) he would visit you
the following day.
NOTE:
D : Direct
I : Indirect

A. Perubahan tenses dari direct speech ke
indirect speech.
















KETERANGAN:


: Constant/tetap
B. perubahan
keterangan waktu dan keterangan tempat
Now = then
Today = that day
Tonight = that night
Tomorrow =the following day/next day
Yesterday = the day before
Next week = the following week
Last night = the night before
Here = there
This = that
C. Rules
1. Jika main
clause-nya”present”maka tense dari sub clause tidak berubah.
Contoh:
D: He says to her,” I work hard.”
I: He says to her that he works hard.
2. Jika main
clause-nya “ past “ maka tense dari sub clause berubah.
Contoh:
D: She said to him,” I work hard “
I : She said to him that she worked hard.
3. Jika sub clause-nya
“ general truth “ (kebenaran umum) apapun bentuk tenses- nya dalam main clause tidak akan
merubah atau mempengaruhi tenses dalam indirect speech.
Contoh:
D: Father said to Anna,” Fire is hot.”
I: Father said to Anna that Fire is hot.
4. Jika anak kalimat dalam direct speech berupa simple present untuk
keterangan waktu maka tidak berubah dalam indirect speech,tetapi induk
kalimatnya tetap berubah.
Contoh:
D: Andi said,” My sister was crying when I went home.”
I: Andi told me that his sister had been crying when he went home.
BENTUK
REPORTED SPEECH.
1. Statement (pernyataan)
Untuk kalimat
pernyataan dalam kalimat tiadak langsung ”Indirect speech” Ini dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis,yaitu:
a. Mengandung
kebenaran umum.
b. Mengandung
kebeneran yang bersifat sementara.
A.
Kebenaran umm
Ada 3 ciri-ciri,yaitu:
1. Tidak bisa dibantah.
2. Semua orang tahu.
3. Berhubungan dengan alam
Contoh:
Dini: “The sun
rises in the past” (direct)
Ani: “What did
she say? I’m bit deaf.”
April: “She said
that the sun rises in the east.” (indirect)
B. Kebenaran
sementara.
Bersifat
sementara dan berubah-ubah serta tidak pegakuan umum:
Contoh:
a. Ana sedang sakit sekarang.
b.Dia pergi ke Jakarta kemarin.
Kalimat ini harus
berubah bentuk waktu dan kata kerja pada “indirect speech”.
Contoh:
D: Tommy said to
her,” I am sick now.”
I : Tommy said to her that he was sick then.
1.
Imperative / command
(perintah)
Ada 2 macam kalimat,yaitu verbal dan nominal
yang di bagi menjadi” positive/perintah” dan negative/larangan”.
a. Verbal
Perintah (+)
|
Larangan (-)
|
To + V1
|
Not to + V1
|
Contoh:
(+) D:
He said to her, ”close the door.”
I : He asked her to close the door.
(-) D:
Tommy asked Tina,” Don’t cry.”
I : Tommy asked Tina not to cry.
b.
Nominal
Perintah (+)
|
Larangan (-)
|
To be + C
|
Not to be + not
|
(+) D:
Mother asked me,” Be careful, please!”
I : Mother asked me to be careful.
(-) D:
Mother asked me,” Don’t be lazy.”
I : Mother asked me not to be lazy.
2.
Question (pertanyaan)
a. Yes/no question
Jika pertanyaan langsung menggunakan yers/no
question maka penghubungnya adalah if/weather yang artinya “apakah”.
Contoh:
D: You asked me,” Will you visit me?”
I: You asked me if/weather I would visit you.
D: I asked you,” Do you love me?”
I: I asked you if you loved me.
b. Question word
Jika pertanyaan menggunakan question word, maka
question word tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported speech dan
pertanyaan yang dilaporkan menjadi kalimat berita.
Contoh:
D: Jane asked Mike,” What are you doing?”
I: Jane asked Mike what he was doing.
She asked the students ," Does the sun rise in the east?"
BalasHapuswhich one is correct? a . She asked the students if the sun rises in the east or
b. she asked the students if the sun rose in the east.
The right answer is ....